People vaccinated against COVID-19 can still get sick with the virus, though vaccination significantly lowers the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
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Breakthrough Infections: No vaccine is 100% effective at preventing infection. As the virus mutates into new variants and population immunity shifts over time, vaccinated individuals can contract and spread COVID-19, though they typically experience milder symptoms.
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Immune Response Timing: It takes a couple of weeks for the body to build full protection after receiving a shot. Someone exposed right before or just after vaccination can still fall ill because the immune system hasn’t had enough time to generate a defense.
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Waning Protection: Immunity—both from natural infection and vaccination—decreases over time, which is why health authorities frequently recommend updated boosters to maintain robust defense against circulating strains.
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